Technology moved fast. Bosch began making mechanical pressure sensors for fuel-injection systems in the late 1960s, and it started manufacturing lambda sensors for anti-pollution systems in the 1970s.

A description of a closed loop fuel metering system was given in the SAE-Paper "Closed Loop Exhaust Emission Control System with Electronic Fuel Injection" (3). The component of paramount importance ...

The A-sensor is used within the scope of the Bosch emission control system, representing a closed control loop. In principle, it is an oxygen concentration cell with an oxygen ionconducting solid ...

Enter the oxygen sensor, also called the lambda sensor, because it gives an indication of the ratio of air to fuel (called the lambda ratio) being consumed by the engine.