Blood gas analysis remains an indispensable tool in clinical practice, facilitating rapid evaluation of respiratory and metabolic functions, as well as acid–base balance. Traditionally reliant on ...

A venous blood gas is a powerful tool for the assessment and monitoring of animals with urgent or emergent conditions. It requires a very small volume of blood, making it feasible in the smallest of ...

Central venous catheters (CVCs) help deliver medication, fluids, blood, or nutrition. They can also be useful for monitoring and performing certain tests and procedures. Placing CVCs or central lines ...