Torrefaction emerges as an industrial process that increases the energy content of conventional biomass. Primary and secondary sludge are the main solid residues generated in the Effluent Treatment ...

Activated sludge processing is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment technique 1. However, the common occurrence of sludge bulking severely impacts the normal operation of activated ...

BUFFALO, N.Y. – The Buffalo Sewer Authority (BSA), established in 1935, cleans the wastewater produced by more than 500,000 people in Buffalo and several other municipalities. It operates the second ...

Septicity occurs in sewage or sludge when the micro-organisms have utilised all the dissolved oxygen (DO) and any nitrates (or nitrites) that may be present. When anaerobic conditions have developed, ...