The central dogma processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation are responsible for the maintenance and expression of every gene in an organism. An orthogonal central dogma may insulate ...

Modifications made during metabolic engineering for overproduction of chemicals have network-wide effects on cellular function due to ubiquitous metabolic interactions. These interactions, that make ...

Simply put, orthogonal validation uses additional methods that provide very different selectivity to the primary method to confirm or refute a finding. All methods are independent approaches that can ...

One of the fundamental purposes of biotherapeutic research, development, and production is to assure the safety and efficacy of medicinal products in clinical settings. Analytical tools are critical ...

In many experimental situations the pertinent inferences are made on the basis of orthogonal contrasts among the treatment means (as in 2 n factorial experiments). In this setting a particularly ...