Electrical resistivity has emerged as a critical non-destructive indicator of concrete durability, reflecting the ease with which ionic currents traverse the pore network of cementitious materials.

Surface resistance and resistivity testers are essential tools for evaluating materials used in electrostatic discharge (ESD) control. By quantifying how surfaces resist or conduct electrical charge, ...

Transparent conductive thin films are crucial in various semiconductor devices, including solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and sensors. Indium tin oxide (ITO) ...