Humans were not designed for space. Ironically, because we insist on going there anyway, scientists now know from studying astronauts that the lack of Earth’s gravity can wreak health havoc, such as ...

Most living organisms break down instantly when exposed to outer space. With no oxygen, crushing radiation, and extreme temperatures, space is lethal in every way. But a few lifeforms have pushed past ...

A reddish-brown sporophyte can be seen at the top center of a leafy gametophore. This capsule contains numerous spores inside. Mature sporophytes like these were individually collected and used as ...