The original F1 ground effect era (late 1970s-early 1980s) used inverted wings and side skirts to create powerful suction, “sucking” cars to the track for immense cornering grip, pioneered by Lotus ...

Ground effect is the reduction of induced drag when an aircraft flies close to a surface, caused by the deflection of downwash, leading to improved performance and requiring less thrust for the same ...

Stephen Hooker’s AirCon 1.6 was an American ground effect “wing ship” proposal designed at a scale that dwarfed Soviet ekranoplans. It claimed payload figures around 1,400 tons and capacity for ...