Subduction initiation is a pivotal process in the Wilson cycle, yet its mechanisms remain elusive. Using 3D coupled thermo-mechanical and surface processes models, we investigated how the duration of ...

Subduction zones form the principal conduit by which carbon is transferred from Earth’s surface reservoirs into its deep interior and back to the atmosphere via arc volcanism. As oceanic crust and its ...

(a) Geological units and earthquake distribution of an oceanic subduction zone. The orange shadow beneath the volcanic arc represents partially molten areas and magma channels. (b) Thermal structure ...