Models, by definition, are approximations: useful, informative, and inevitably incomplete, because they are the only way to simplify a world too complex to grasp all at once. A new study on nitrous ...

If you ask environmentalists about artificial intelligence, they will likely say its biggest drawback involves energy use. One AI research company estimates that querying a service like ChatGPT or ...

Understanding how water moves through the Earth system is fundamental to predicting climate impacts and ensuring sustainable water management. Yet despite decades of research, uncertainties persist ...

How do you measure climate change? One way is by recording temperatures in different places over a long period of time. While this works well, natural variation can make it harder to see longer-term ...