Over the last three decades, the field of structural biology has made a tremendous progress. This progress should be mainly credited to high-resolution X-ray crystallography and, to a lesser extent, ...

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has broad applications in physics, chemistry, and biology. As a complementary tool, zero-field ESR (ZF-ESR) spectroscopy has been proposed for decades and ...

In ESR, a spin label is added to the target site using cysteine substitution. This is followed by modifying the sulfhydryl group with a paramagnetic nitroxide reagent. The ESR then provides ...

These compounds can readily aggregate, increasing the viscosity of the oil, which can plug wellbores and flowlines during the extraction and processing. In addition, asphaltenes can also deactivate ...